Moldova established Sovereignty Day in 1990 by adopting the Declaration of Sovereignty. This fundamental act marked the beginning of the country’s journey toward independence, democracy, and the consolidation of the rule of law. On June 23, 1990, the deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic adopted the document, as reported by IPN.
The adoption of the Declaration of Sovereignty was a result of national revival and liberation efforts. The act affirms that the sovereignty of the MSSR serves as a natural and necessary condition for establishing statehood.
The document states that the people hold sovereignty and that the supreme representative body of state power in the republic exercises it on behalf of the entire population. No individual, citizen group, political party, public organization, or formation can claim the right to exercise sovereignty independently.
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Regarding citizenship, the declaration states that all citizens of the state—along with foreign citizens and stateless persons residing in the territory—benefit from rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution and other legislative acts, as well as by universally recognized principles and norms of international law. At the same time, all must comply with the regulations in effect.
The document also affirms the unitary and indivisible nature of the state. Border changes require mutual agreements with sovereign states aligned with the people’s will, history, and international law.
Moreover, the state declares itself a demilitarized zone, actively promotes peace and global security, and participates in the European process of cooperation and security, including through European structures.
The historical event occurred in a complex political climate, defined by a wave of sovereignty proclamations that swept across the entire Soviet space. Estonia led the way in declaring sovereignty, with Lithuania and Latvia following soon after. The Moldavian SSR’s Declaration of Sovereignty followed those of Georgia on May 26, 1990, and Russia on June 12, 1990.
Exactly one year later, on June 23, 1991, to reaffirm the new state course on the first anniversary of the sovereignty proclamation, the state issued its first postage stamps bearing the coat of arms and flag of the Republic of Moldova.